"All water is water !" Throughout the world, and especially in metropolitan areas, many cities are experiencing water shortages resulting from fixed or declining available water supply sources, population growth, the impacts of global climate change, and legacy infrastructure. Dealing with existing and future water shortages is one of the most significant challenges facing the environmental community. To respond to the situation of municipal water supply disruption, environmental engineers have recognized that future water issues, including shortages, can only be solved by implementing a one-water region-wide sustainable water resources management strategy. One-water, involves co-locating the activities of water supply, treatment, and distribution with those of wastewater management in a single agency. The importance of a one-water agency is that it is empowered to utilize an integrated planning approach that considers all source waters, including non-traditional sources. As part of a one-water strategy, various forms of water reuse, including potable reuse can play a critical role in helping to alleviate water shortage problems. The focus of this paper is on the role that direct and indirect potable reuse can play in the development of a long-term sustainable water resources management program.

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